William Penn: Quarter 4 project..........

William Penn born in London October,14,1733. He spent the earlier years of his life in Essex and some of it in Ireland. He went to school and studied in Christ Church in Oxford. It was there when he converted to Quakerism. He was a good friend of the Quakers for example Nathanael Greene. He also spent most of his life in England, though is well known for the earlier history that he had in America, for this trip he served many different purposes.

One thing that Penn did that changed the colonies is that he tried to improve the indians, this is something most other Quakers would not think of. He also was for religous freedom, and was a protagonist of religious toleration. Penn was a person the would rule everything in his area (pennslyvannia) and Ben Franklin was a colonial representive and was trying to and wanted to fight his descendents which would be the Penn family. Him being like this would also help others with being what they want to be like and is also a step closer to being free in everything. Penn also tried to improve the rights of all English men. He went and was thinking that if Holland had a wealthy country and was for religious tolerance, then maybe his country should be. This could be a way to get money.

One time he went and started preaching to hundreds in front of a meeting house of the Quakers after it being padlocked by the authorities. After the meeting Penn and William Mead were arrested and put in prison for inciting a riot. At Penn's trial he calming told the illegality of the proceedings against him. He was like this with the whole religion thing because he did not like Roman Catholics for example a person would be like Daniel Carroll, he wanted everyone to be free from there religion. He also wanted wealth for his country by immigrants coming here. He also wanted to be just like Holland and they had the freedom of religion. Penn also went and helped the Americans become closer to the Indians and for the Indians to make negotiated peacefull purchases.

I think that Penn should be known as a greater hero in history, then what he stands in right now. He helped a large society have religious freedom, and allowed them to be in what they believe. Not what they are told to believe. Now where would this country be if we had to believe in things we didn't, it such a great disturbance that we cant even imagine. This whole country would go downhill and so much rage would be going on that we wouldn't be able to help ourselves. I could be even worse than the great depression.

Boston Massacre: Essay of Revolution Exam

Gentelmen of the jury i stand he berfore you because captian Preston is not guilty, to start this Rumpus seen on Royal Exchange Lane and King street in front of the custom house there was a big misunderstanding. How this all got started is by Captian Preston and the british soldiers fighting with the everyday, to start this out the mob of citizens through snowballs at the soldiers and struck them with sticks, this from the testimony of Theodore Bliss and Robert Goddard. Therefore the soldiers were threatned by this, then people within the mob started yelling fire, for no apparent reason, this from the testimony of Theodore Bliss. The soldiers were confused as to whom was saying it under all of the yelling and screaming and then had shot, after the first shot all the other soldiers went into affect as if trained. Then at that point Captian Preston had said, "not to shoot you fools!" Through all of this there is a death of five civilians.

I think that the civilians are to blame, because the civilians are the ones that tempted the soldiers to a fight by throwing snowballs, they also started the fight by mouthing off to them. Another reason why they should be blamed for this fight and that would be because they went and struck them first, they ended up throwing snowballs and striking the soldiers with a stick. Which they could have acted in the sence of self defense. Also after this fact they have been yelling fire, and the soldiers fired like they were trained to do, what would have happened if it was in fact Captian Preston saying to fire and they didnt and one of the citizens ended up killing the captian, they wouldve been in alot more trouble.

The consquence should not be put on the captian or the soldiers at all, they are innocent and had done right and what they were trained to do from the beginning of there military training. So in fact the people that should go to jail or be hung are the citizens that had yelled fire, if any way possible to figure out who yelled it out. Also all the other citizens should be charged by starting the fight and endangering the soldiers. This would show the king of England that we know true justice and will give people what they deserve. Also that the justice will be served. If you to hang the soldiers these soldiers are soldiers of England brought up by the king now what kind of respect would that bring to our king? Let me tell you this, it's not the type of respect you would want to be treated with. These soldiers do nothing but what they are told and said to, so i beg of you to listin to my testimony and let the soldiers be free.

Book Portfolio Quarter 3: Nickel and Dimmed

Nickel and Dimmed was a good illustration about how every day people have to live and should be read by anyone that is thinking life is easy. Nickel and Dimmed By: Barbara Ehrenreich, published in 2001. Barbara went and played the role as a single girl, poor to see if they could survive of low wage jobs and welfare. She soon finds out that there is a lot of work if you are short on money; she struggles to make it by. I think that you should not judge people and treat everyone the same, because we all work the same amount weither one pays more than the other. The significance of this theme would be, you could help understand people who have to go through being poor and give them more respect.
The theme would be not to judge a book by its cover; we all are equal and work just as hard. For example there is a part in the book where Barbara has to apply for a lot of low wage job and sees the long process that you have to do. Another example would be, she starts to bond with the other low wage co-workers and actually likes them even though they have low wages to. The last example would be throughout the whole book she despises all of her managers, every single one. The significance of the book would be that everyone is the same and that managers and bosses inside of one job can be just as difficult as the other.
The historical context that I would choose out of this book would be that, people used to treat the slaves and others like them poorly. One example would be that they used to get beat for things that they did wrong though a days work for them would probably be a years work from what the person beating them does. Another example is that they got paid with food and with housing if that and the people beating them would actually get paid. Also the slaves had no rights and they did way more work then the settlers. The significance of theme for history would be that you can see how the slaves had felt compared to the others, poorly.
The theme would have a huge impact if only everyone would do what Barbara did and take the spot of someone else in this situation. It’s not a very well position to be in, treated like everyone else is better than you, it can’t be right. The significance of the theme in the book is that, she doesn’t know what people that are poor have to live through and how hard there life is. The significance of the theme in history is that people without money were treated horrible for example the slaves. The book could change people who judge others by what they make, it could change there life dramatically. With understanding this theme it would be important because why would you have the right to judge someone just by what they look like, make as a salary, or wear.

Notes 4/1/08

Revolution and War

1763-1789

Revolution Notes

1763—Proclamation Act

A line that went down the appalachian mountian, it determined what land the indians owned and what land the colonists owned.

1764—Grenville Acts (direct tax)
o Sugar (molasses, wine)
o Stamp
o Quartering
o Currency
Virtual/ Direct Representation
These were the things that people had taxed, there was a huge fight over what the people had been doing with taxing.

1765—Stamp Act Congress
Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams
Paul Revere
John Hancock
Propaganda
Boycotts
Lobsters (Lobster-backs, Thomas Lobster)

The nine colonies wanted to stop the tax, and this act lead up into a higher government later in history. You had to pay extra for certian paper.

1766—Declaratory Act

They took away the taxes that the people did not want, though they said that the parliament will be able to tax you in any way they want.

1767—Townsend Acts (indirect tax)
Charles Townsend
Writs of Assistance (search warrants)
Revenue used to pay Royal officials in the colonies
Tea Act (glass, paper, paint) support British East India Company

Laws named after Charles Townsend, this was just like the sugar act and the stamp acts. They also said that they could tax tea, glass, paper, and paint.

1770—Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770
Local reaction (primarily)
5 dead colonists
John Adams defends British soldiers/5 exonerated-2 convicted
Convicted men discharged and thumbs branded

When the military and normal citizens had been fighting, this because of the heavy tax burden. They citizens and the soldiers had fought and fired at each other for a reason unnecessary. They used it as propaganda to make the king look bad.

1773—Boston Tea Party

November 30, 1773--Dartmouth sails into Boston Harbor

December 16, 1773--Tea dumped into harbor
340 chests of tea dumped (value of 10,000 British pounds)

American's rebel agianst the british, they dumped 340 chests of tea in the ocean. This helped to spark the American Revolution.

1774—Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts in Britain)
Close the port of Boston
Shut down Provincial and Town Governments
All offices appointed
Named General Thomas Gage as Governor
Gave all western lands north of the Ohio R. to Quebec, allowed Catholic Church to practice
They ended up closing alot of athorities and ended up apointing Thomas Gage as government. He have away alot of land and also he put the catholic religion into practice.

1774—1st Continental Congress
September to October (7 weeks)
Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia

New England—John Adams, Paul Revere, Silas Deane

Virginia—Washington, Patrick Henry, Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee

Pennsylvania—John Dickenson, Joseph Galloway (Plan for American council under Parliament, to avoid war)

New York—John Jay, James Duane

Maryland—Samuel Chase (future Supreme Court Justice), Charles Carroll (richest man in Maryland, Catholic)

Declaration of Rights—rejects Parliamentary authority over internal colonial affairs, colonies manage own defense, united aid to Boston if Intolerable Acts continue, absolute boycott of British goods to be enforced rigidly

First national governement of the united states,

1775— January
William Pitt urges Parliament to withdraw troops from America because the idea of managing the colonies through force was “too ridiculous to take up a moment of your lordships’ time”

1775—April 19 Lexington and Concord
Gen. Gage sends 700 men to Concord to seize the powder supplies
Paul Revere and William Dawes raise alarm the night before
Town of Lexington is on the way to Concord
Minutemen are assembled on the town common
“Shot heard round the world”
18 colonials killed and the rest run away
British march on to Concord and find the munitions were moved overnight
Minutemen ambush the British the whole way back to Boston
430 Redcoats make it back to Boston
30,000 Colonists surround Boston

1775—May
Gen. Howe, Gen. Clinton, Gen. Burgoyne
5,000 British troops
Ethan Allen, “Green Mountain Boys” seize Fort Ticonderoga
Henry Knox uses canon to lay siege on Boston
Benedict Arnold (Connecticut) takes Fort Crown Point to impede an invasion from Canada

1775—May 10, 2nd Continental Congress
Sam Adams pushes for Independence
John Dickenson (Penn.) urges restraint
Agree to form Colonial Army
Delegates unanimously agree to Washington as Commander of Continental Army (John Adams suggestion)

1775—June 17, “Battle of Bunker Hill”
Actually fought on Breed’s Hill
Gen. Howe leads assault without canon support (his canon had been matched with wrong-sized cannonballs [Amherst at Ticonderoga])
Militia waited to within 30 yards (some say 15 yards)
Militia target British officers
Militia ran extremely low on ammunition
On the third assault, led by Gen. Howe, British troops overtake the colonial position
Britain losses almost 1000 men (about half the attacking force)
Colonials lose about 500 men

1776—January, Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine
120,000 copies sold in three months

1776—March
Gen. William Howe evacuates Boston
July 2, lands in Staten Island, New York (Loyalist base)





1776—Declaration of Independence
June 7, Richard Henry Lee (Virginia) introduces legislation to declare independence from Britain
Before voting on Lee’s proposal Congress appoints five-man committee to draft a formal Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson, 33, does most of the writing)


June 28, Declaration presented to Congress

July 2, Congress approves Lee’s legislation to declare the United States of America independent of Great Britain

July 4, Congress officially adopts the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration intended to:
1. Undermine loyalty to King George III
2. Outline basic principles of representative government
3. Establish the “right” of rebellion

War

1776—August, Brooklyn Heights, New York
Largest Naval group Britain will launch until the 20th century
British victory, city falls to England
As winter came “sunshine patriots” left the American Army
Initial colonial enlistments due to expire

1776—December, Battle of Trenton
Howe believes war almost won
1,400 Hessians stationed at Trenton
Colonel Rall (Hessian) builds no fortifications
Washington “Crosses the Delaware” Christmas night
2,500 men; 18 artillery guns
Surprise attack at dawn
106 Hessians killed, 918 captured
No colonial casualties
Washington retreats in secret to avoid Gen. Cornwallis counter-attack

1777—January, Princeton
Washington ambushes British troops
Colonial victory establishes this will not be a quick war for Britain

1777—September-October, Saratoga
Gen. Burgoyne plans a three-prong attack on colonials at Albany
Plan does not consider the terrain, forcing British troops to march through swamps, lakes, hills and forests full of rebels
Two of the three “prongs” never arrive (Howe goes to Philadelphia instead, St. Leger retreats to New York afraid of Benedict Arnold)
Sept. Burgoyne crosses Hudson River
Oct. 17, Burgoyne surrenders
Establishes American Army as real threat
Helps secure open French Alliance
Turning Point of the War

1777-1778—Winter at Valley Forge
Under-funded troops
Low morale
10,000+ troops
4,000 troops listed as “unfit for duty” due to poor supplies (boots, blankets, coats, etc.)
2,500 troops die of disease (typhus, typhoid fever, dysentery, pneumonia)
George Washington mentioned a lack of shoes so severe that the men's "marches might be tracked by the blood from their feet”
Local farmers would sell produce to Brits who could pay cash

1779—February, Vincennes

1780—August, Camden

1780—October, Kings Mountain

1781—October, Yorktown
British Gen. Cornwallis
American Gen. Washington (also “Mad” Anthony Wayne, Baron von Steuben)
French Gen. Rochambeau (also Marquis de Lafayette)
Essentially a French Naval victory
Last significant battle of the war

1783—Sept. 3, Treaty of Paris
Britain recognizes American independence
America gets all land from Atlantic coast to Miss. River, Great Lakes to Florida
Fishing rights to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and off the coast of Newfoundland
America must pay debts to Britain
American congress would “earnestly recommend” all Loyalist property returned (States ignore this request)